tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39718758550470932002024-02-21T06:24:03.356-08:00¿Dónde está el electrón?Mtro. MANUEL VÁZQUEZ CERVANTEShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14544505210211330594noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3971875855047093200.post-29425584837142761422009-03-12T22:02:00.000-07:002009-03-19T01:29:46.728-07:00Actividad 5<span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Materiales y Sustancias:</span>
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<br /></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Consulta a la derecha de este blog los materiales y s</span></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:arial;">ustancias que utilizaremos en esta actividad.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Introducción:</span></span></span></span>
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<br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Uno de los mayores intereses en el último modelo atómico, es saber con precisión la localización de los electrones.
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<br />Para comprender mejor el modelo cuántico del átomo imagina lo siguiente: si has tenido la oportunidad de volar en avión o subir a un alto edificio,</span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"> habrás notado que desde lejos las autopistas permiten la circulación de los autos pero no logras distinguir cuantos carriles conforman la carretera...</span></span>
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0gJQvRmR7eoSLSOhkK8ZhOAICRqAwq9GrDURaVJkSQe3hdmMHL50VVlB77kb9pdjlqPCnMUG6JUm7084is7vITXPg-qSuIYInRJIy9GBQZK_ZcmrT3SEgJW2hMql86OhdBYQ3YMXZzLg/s1600-h/Mapa+3.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 276px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0gJQvRmR7eoSLSOhkK8ZhOAICRqAwq9GrDURaVJkSQe3hdmMHL50VVlB77kb9pdjlqPCnMUG6JUm7084is7vITXPg-qSuIYInRJIy9GBQZK_ZcmrT3SEgJW2hMql86OhdBYQ3YMXZzLg/s400/Mapa+3.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312595114604005778" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Pero a medida que desciendes y te acercas a la carretera notarás que aquella autopista tiene distintos carriles.
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyphenhyphenW4rDA5-6gqOiVKpZzJnMKxIzLdr2v10z39jc2cf2IqlNdQk0k19awNEwY7c0NetcVstfWUqiugkkMFTpwiOrDB_WApuVyKMSfzEsmm3lciDu4MTmXLoYEJLhwNncJ2aMM6m0uhIaMU/s1600-h/Mapa+4.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 262px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyphenhyphenW4rDA5-6gqOiVKpZzJnMKxIzLdr2v10z39jc2cf2IqlNdQk0k19awNEwY7c0NetcVstfWUqiugkkMFTpwiOrDB_WApuVyKMSfzEsmm3lciDu4MTmXLoYEJLhwNncJ2aMM6m0uhIaMU/s400/Mapa+4.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312595120249610418" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Lo mismo logro intuir Schrödinger cuando estableció que los niveles de energía de Böhr están formados por regiones discretas a las que denomino orbitales.
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ0a3DkC4p7BS0JxgYt9lgPFihk_e8kYiCCXTr3AJudxpl_KcCjjoOrMNwsnqCSu9j3uowH2P_FuYds85-oLJDWDIqj5AGu1HLerhLsPoZDXW_Tv70tcynEBHOWtT7QmxvD95IixmrzlU/s1600-h/subnivel.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 328px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ0a3DkC4p7BS0JxgYt9lgPFihk_e8kYiCCXTr3AJudxpl_KcCjjoOrMNwsnqCSu9j3uowH2P_FuYds85-oLJDWDIqj5AGu1HLerhLsPoZDXW_Tv70tcynEBHOWtT7QmxvD95IixmrzlU/s400/subnivel.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312595125696866114" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Esto no es tan sencillo, en realidad los orbitales o subniveles de energía son espacios probables donde quizá pueda localizarse un electrón. Schrödinger asignó letras minúsculas a estas regiones:
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jxwW94SgCdb1C32VvPalU2u1DSmU2S-BHFEGZRZePonCXMeBVZvAuyeA9l8fStqMfGOSx27AexQrduEkuGPOFo6Fg9RH-xiMJuVbQO63K3M_bWJtQYWCwZE8m6B5nEB5Gyb5Ujd9-Q0/s1600-h/Orbital.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 307px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jxwW94SgCdb1C32VvPalU2u1DSmU2S-BHFEGZRZePonCXMeBVZvAuyeA9l8fStqMfGOSx27AexQrduEkuGPOFo6Fg9RH-xiMJuVbQO63K3M_bWJtQYWCwZE8m6B5nEB5Gyb5Ujd9-Q0/s400/Orbital.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312596265580450194" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Configuración Electrónica</span>
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<br />Para saber a dónde se localian los electrones en el modelo atómico cuántico se utiliza la Congfiguración Electrónica.
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<br />Configurar significa "ordenar" o "acomodar", y electrónico deriva</span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"> de "electrón"; así configuración electrónica es la manera ordenada de repartir los electrones en los niveles y subniveles de energía.</span></span>
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<br />Para acomodar correctamente los electrones en el Modelo Atómico de la Mecánica Cuántica Ondulatoria, existen dos principios denominados fundamentales:
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<br />"Principio de Exclusión de Pauli"
<br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><blockquote>En un orbital o subnivel de energía puede haber hasta dos electrones de giro o "spin" opuesto.</blockquote></span></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
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<br />"Principio de Edificación Progresiva o Regla de Auf - Ban"
<br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><blockquote>Cada nuevo electrón añadido a un átomo entrará en el orbital disponible de mínima energía.</blockquote>
<br />Ambos principios quedan sintetizados en la Regla de Diagonales.</span></span>
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<br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span><span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy1yt6Hzrq_VtFd2MtRO5G-74BFsW1VGgvgRw17PPYVhav57FRYsIDv_YF3nnkjpTk4aIJOGvPnTnohRaAi0CdYFgQDA9ErIuF2RKWKqKw1DwwlfjiyYIRwL7Plv71t0c9wOYE2ign584/s1600-h/diagonal.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 298px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy1yt6Hzrq_VtFd2MtRO5G-74BFsW1VGgvgRw17PPYVhav57FRYsIDv_YF3nnkjpTk4aIJOGvPnTnohRaAi0CdYFgQDA9ErIuF2RKWKqKw1DwwlfjiyYIRwL7Plv71t0c9wOYE2ign584/s400/diagonal.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312595127443332194" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Para utilizar la Regla de Diagonales utiliza las siguientes instrucciones:</span>
<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Escribe el símbolo químico del elemento que deseas configurar (<span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">ejemplo</span>).</span></span></li></ul><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; 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margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">Ti</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:18;" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span> <span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:20;" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Coloca como superíndice izquierdo el número atómico de ese ele</span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">mento (el número atómico indica las cargas positivas del núcleo, los protones).</span></span></li></ul><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><div style="text-align: center;"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:180%;"><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">22</span></sup></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">Ti</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Utilizando la "Regla de Diagonales" distribuye los electrones que necesitas para neutralizar la carga positiva del núcleo atómico (<span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">en este ejemplo son 22 e-</span>). Comienza en la posición 1s que será llenado con los electrones que caben en ese orbital (recuerda que el orbital "s" con 2 electrones; p con 6 e- ; d</span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"> con 10 y f con 14). Escribe la cantidad de electrones que caben en ese orbital con el número en forma de exponente.
<br /></span></span></li></ul><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:180%;"><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">22</span></sup></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">Ti = <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">s</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">2</sup></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">En este momento tenemos neutralizados 2 protones con los <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">dos electrones</span> localizados</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">en el <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">1er Nivel de energía</span> y en el <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204); font-weight: bold;">orbital "s"</span></span>
<br /><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Sigue avanzando como te indican las flechas de la Regla de Diagonales y no olvides que no puedes avanzar hasta que el orbital esté completamente lleno</span></span></li></ul><div style="text-align: center;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:180%;"><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">20</span></sup></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">Ti = <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">1</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">s</span><sup style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">2</sup>, <span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">s</span><sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">2</span></sup></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">, <span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255);">2</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">p</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">6</sup>, <span style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">3</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">s</span><sup style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">2</sup></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><sup>
<br /></sup></span>
<br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" >Esta configuración describe lo siguiente:
<br />En la <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">capa 1 o K</span> tenemos <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">dos electrones</span> en el <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204); font-weight: bold;">orbital "s"</span>.
<br />En el nivel de energía <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 204, 255);">2 o L</span> en el<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">obital "s"</span> tenemos <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">dos electrones</span>
<br />y en la <span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 255); font-weight: bold;">misma capa</span> pero en el <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">orbital "p"</span> hay <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">seis electrones</span>.
<br />Ahora en la <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">capa 3 o M</span> tenemos el otro <span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204); font-weight: bold;">orbital "s"</span> con <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold;">dos electrones</span>.
<br />Sin embargo aún no está neutralizado el núcleo del titanio.</span>
<br /></sup></span></div><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Suma todos los exponentes (que son los electrones) para obtener un número igual al del número atómico del elemento. Sólo el último orbital puede quedar con menor cantidad de electrones, que su máxima capacidad.</span></span></li></ul><div style="text-align: center;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">22</span></sup><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Ti = 1s</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 2s</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 2p</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">6</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 3s</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 3p</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">6</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 4s</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">, 3d</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">2</sup></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Una forma de comprobar que tu configuración es correcta es realizando las siguientes verificaciones:
<br />
<br />1. En la Tabla Periódica existen cuatro regiones que te indican tu última configuración que escribirás al acomodar electrones (<span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">en el ejemplo del titanio es 3d</span>).</span></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >
<br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRO8KAh7eVcsrZTYxJRlFFjq1x-AqnqU0_TWnLvSFOswil6tJU0JaZ1jdv4U0FVpJITnh5BxKCso3FFBETdFkhSmfqWSjnkZgT8YmCPc2D55mAc28PQ-LrwivF0HvtBS3lID45F8M23uQ/s1600-h/Orbitales+mvc.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 230px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRO8KAh7eVcsrZTYxJRlFFjq1x-AqnqU0_TWnLvSFOswil6tJU0JaZ1jdv4U0FVpJITnh5BxKCso3FFBETdFkhSmfqWSjnkZgT8YmCPc2D55mAc28PQ-LrwivF0HvtBS3lID45F8M23uQ/s400/Orbitales+mvc.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314788947162901410" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">2. Si el elemento pertenece a los bloques "s" o "p", considera:
<br /></span></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Localiza la última configuración.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">La <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">literal</span> (orbital), de la última configuración indica el bloque al que pertenece el elemento.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">El </span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">coeficiente </span></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">(nivel de energía), de la última configuración indica el periodo en el que se encuentra el elemento.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Para determinar la familia o grupo de este elemento, reúne todos las configuraciones que lleven el mismo coeficiente de la última configuración y suma los <span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;">exponentes</span> de esos orbitales, la suma te dará el número de familia romana al que pertenece este elemento (<span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);">ejemplo</span>):</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br /></span></span></span></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);" class="MsoNormal"><sup><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">33</span></sup><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">As = 1s<sup>2</sup>, 2s<sup>2</sup>, 2p<sup>6</sup>, 3s<sup>2</sup>, 3p<sup>6</sup>, <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">4</span>s<sup style="color: rgb(255, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;">2</sup>, 3d<sup>10</sup>, <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">4</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">p</span></span><sup style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 153, 255);">3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br /><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >
<br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Si el elemento pertenece a los bloque "d" o " f ", considera (<span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">ejemplo</span>):</span>
<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Localiza la última configuración.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">La <span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">literal </span>te indicará el bloque al que pertenece este elemento.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Localiza la <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">capa o nivel de energía más grande</span> de todas las configuraciones y ésta será el periodo en el que se halla el elemento.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Para los elementos "d" y " f ", es difícil determinar la familia al que pertenece.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size:130%;">
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CManu%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB">46</span></sup><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:24;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">Pd = 1s</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 2s</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 2p</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">6</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 3s</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 3p</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">6</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 4s</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 3d</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">10</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 4p</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">6</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;">5</span>s</span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">2</sup><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">, 4<span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">d</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(51, 153, 153);">8</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br /><span style="font-size:130%;">
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Procedimiento:
<br />
<br />I. Construye las configuraciones electrónicas de los siguientes elementos e indica con colores: el bloque al que pertenece; el periodo, y la familia o grupo (solo para los elementos "s" y "p"):
<br /></span></span><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Hidrógeno,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Berilio,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Aluminio,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Escandio,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Molibdeno,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Bromo,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Xenón,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Bario,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Mercurio,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">iterbio,</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Uranio.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br />II. Deja un comentario en este blog de qué te pareció la actividad.
<br />
<br />III. Vuelve a la Historia del Átomo, dándole un clik a el "Átomo" en <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mi Lista de Blogs</span></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">
<br /></span></span></span></span></div></div>Mtro. MANUEL VÁZQUEZ CERVANTEShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14544505210211330594noreply@blogger.com11